Frankenstein and Monster Essay

In the society we live in, it is apparent that we as humans have a sense of power over all other living species. We have the ability to house-train a cat, teach a dog to guide the blind, or kill a rabid animal if we feel threatened. It is our ability to think and act upon our thoughts after deliberation that allows to us to rein over the animal world. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Shelley examines how being human correlates directly with division of power in society by delineating the physical and emotional interactions between both Frankenstein and the monster throughout the novel. At the start of the book, Shelley depicts Doctor Victor Frankenstein as a human figure who is able to control his creation’s future. However, as time passes, Frankenstein becomes increasingly inhumane and his sanity is threatened along with his ability to dominate the monster’s life. As Frankenstein is losing his sense of humanity and control, the monster is gaining both. Though he starts off a powerless, unrefined brute, as the novel progresses the creature adopts a few human tendencies and gradually gains the ability to control his own creator’s future with his actions. Thus throughout the novel it becomes clear, when each character is in their most human state, they hold the most power over the other. During the two characters’ initial encounter with each other, Shelley depicts Frankenstein as having complete power over the monster’s future. The night Frankenstein â€Å"[beholds] the accomplishment of [his] toils† (43), he describes the moments leading up to the monster’s birth: â€Å"†¦ I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet† (43). This single line demonstrates the ultimate power Frankenstein has over his creation at that point in time. He alone has the ability to instill life into the inanimate creature lying before him. In addition, Frankenstein’s elevated cognitive capability, which he has because he is human, allows him to create the monster in the first place. His ability to read, understand, process, and apply knowledge he has learned in the past, as well his capacity to experience emotions such as desire and attachment puts him at a great advantage over the monster who, initially, could not â€Å"learn to distinguish between the operations of [his] various senses† (90). Because Frankenstein is human and has the power of knowledge, he is able to create the monster as well as decide whether it lives or not. Though he has the ability to bring his creature to life, Frankenstein’s unchallenged dominance over his creation is immediately threatened once the monster awakens. As soon as the creature opens his eyes, Frankenstein describes his feelings about the atrocious being. â€Å"I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body†(43), he recounts. This instant reaction of abhorrence to the newly living ‘thing’ demonstrates that the monster does have influence on Frankenstein’s emotions and, thus, a minor form of control over the doctor’s being. Though the monster begins to leave an imprint on Frankenstein, it is still evident that Frankenstein has a decisive role on how the monster grows and functions in the world. As the creator, Frankenstein is theoretically obliged to â€Å"owe [the monster] all the portion of happiness that [is] in [his] power to bestow† (135), but he does not fulfill that obligation. Instead, he begins his relationship with the brute with no affection. After dismissing the creature with absolute horror, Frankenstein flees his home trying â€Å"to avoid the wretch whom [he] fear[s] every turning of the street would present† (45). When he eventually returns home, his ‘apartment [is] empty and [his] bedroom [is] also freed from its hideous guest† (45). The actions Frankenstein takes by trying to stay away from his creation demonstrate the hate and lack of humanity he has for the creature. This directly influences the way the monster begins his life in the real world. Had Frankenstein taken care of his ‘child’, the monster may have become acclimatized with society instead of living as a â€Å"hideous monster† (131) or a â€Å"filthy mass that moved and talked† (136). After the monster is abandoned by his creator, he is left to fend for himself. As he adopts human tendencies such as learning to discern his emotions and developing the ability to speak the human language, French, he learns to live life on his own. Not only do the monster’s new-found emotions and ability to communicate make him capable of living alone, but the progression of his rational thinking process also demonstrates his humanness and competence. Before introducing himself to De Lacey’s family, he first thinks of the consequences of an illiterate, dumb monster. â€Å"Although I eagerly longed to discover myself to the cottagers, I ought not to make the attempt until I had first become a master of their language† (101), the monster recounts. This notion of a rational thinking process is unique to humans and necessary to a happy survival. The monster’s new found capabilities prove he can live without his creator and thus, while the monster gains control over his own life, Frankenstein further loses his ability to control the creature, as he is no longer needed for the monster to live. When the monster, fueled by his recently acquired ability to seek revenge, strangles William, Frankenstein’s sanity and humanity begins to crumble and his power over the monster disappears. Frankenstein’s controlled nature deteriorates when he has a gut feeling it is the monster who killed William rather than Justine, as â€Å"nothing in a human shape could have destroyed that fair child† (63). He cannot tell anyone the truth because no one else knows of Frankenstein’s experiment and he is afraid they will think him a mad man. This inability to share his thoughts and feelings causes him to go into a guilty frenzy because he blames the deaths on himself: â€Å"Thus spoke my prophetic soul, as, torn by remorse, horror and despair, I beheld those I loved spend vain sorrow upon the graves of William and Justine, the first hapless victims to my unhallowed arts† (119). This line captures the vulnerability Frankenstein experiences as well as the immense control the monster is gaining over Frankenstein’s emotions. By killing a single person, Shelley shows that the monster is able to distort both Frankenstein’s mental well-being and cause him to go into a mild, inhumane frenzy. As the story progresses, Shelley depicts the gradual deterioration of Frankenstein’s health and loss of power over his creation. The doctor loses complete influence over his monster after he refuses to make a female version of the brute. Before this point, Frankenstein still kept a sliver of control over the creature’s future because if he created the female, the monster would â€Å"go to the vast wilds of South America† and neither Frankenstein â€Å"nor any other human being shall see [them] again† (135). Once Frankenstein destroys his plans for the partner, however, the monster launches into a fit of rage: â€Å"Remember that I have power; you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master; obey!† (157). It is here that the monster’s fury fueled words illustrate the true nature of the relationship between the creature and his creator; that though Frankenstein initially had the ability to create the monster, the monster grew to be aware of his own superiority. He realized that his physical stature, along with his acquired human-like mental strength, allowed him to control both his own and Frankenstein’s ability to be happy and healthy. Once the monster takes away all of Frankenstein’s happiness by murdering the doctor’s loved ones, Frankenstein loses complete control over himself, becomes entirely inhumane, vowing to murder the monster. The doctor looses all sense of rational thinking and revenge is the only desire that keeps Frankenstein alive throughout the last pages of the novel. He â€Å"dared not die and leave his adversary in being† (192). This notion of solely living for another being establishes the fact that the monster does in fact have ultimate domination over all of his creator’s feelings and actions. As the monster, throughout the duration of the novel, has gained the ability to understand, process, and apply knowledge, he realizes he is the only aspect of his creator’s life that Frankenstein is living for. Thus, the monster has the option to keep Frankenstein alive by leaving a path of bread crumbs for his creator or to let him die with no trace of his creation. Hence, the novel comes full circle. At the start of the book, Frankenstein has the ultimate decision to give life to his creature or to leave him as a jumble of body parts. However by the end, the characters reverse the dominance in the relationship, and it becomes clear that the creature has the ability to keep his creator alive or leave him for death. By detailing the deterioration of Frankenstein’s humanity, while showing the monster’s acquisition of human characteristics, Shelley is able to demonstrate how being human allows for one to have power over another. Being able to rationally process and comprehend information, as well as reason with certain ideas, are unique qualities we as humans possess that put us at an advantage over other species and ultimately put the monster dominance over Frankenstein.

Dowry system in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Essay

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia’s quality standards. The specific problem is: reference formatting. Please help improve this article if you can. (March 2013) In India, dowry (Hindi: , Daheja in Hindi)[1] is the payment in cash or some kind of gifts given to bridegroom’s family along with the bride. Generally they include cash, jewellery,[2] electrical appliances, furniture, bedding, crockery, utensils and other household items that help the newly-wed set up her home. The dowry system is thought to put great financial burden[3] on the bride’s family. It has been one of the reasons for families and women in India resorting to sex selection [4] in favor of sons. [5] This has distorted the sex ratio of India (940 females per thousand males [6])and has given rise to female foeticide. [7] The payment of a dowry has been prohibited under The 1961 Dowry Prohibition Act in Indian civil law and subsequently by Sections 304B and 498a of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Contents [hide] 1 Domestic violence 2 Laws 3 False dowry allegations 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Domestic violence[edit] In 2001 nearly 7,000 dowry deaths[8] were registered in India over inadequate dowry, apart from other mental trauma cases. [9] Bride burning,[10] inducing suicides, physical and mental torture by their husband or in-laws is sometimes found to be done if the bride fails to bring sufficient dowry. [11] There are laws like Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 that help to reduce domestic violence and to protect women’s rights. Laws[edit] See also: Dowry law in India Dowry became prohibited by law in 1961 with the purpose of prohibiting the demanding, giving and taking of dowry. To stop the offences of cruelty by husband or his relatives on the wife, section 498-A was added in Indian Penal Code and section 198-A in the Criminal Procedure Code in the year 1983. False dowry allegations[edit] The dowry law (article 498a) is thought to sometimes have been misused[12] by women to lodge false or exaggerated complaints against husbands and entire extended family accusing them of cruel behavior. As per the data only 2% of the cases registered for dowry demand have led to conviction of the groom or groom’s family. This had raised questions about rampant misuse of dowry laws in India by women to harass husband’s family. According to one survey conducted by reputed Indian news magazine India Today, over 90% of government servants actively seek and get dowry in marriage. It is a common feature for unmarried government servants to seek dowry relevant to the market rates of their post. These rates are sky-high, with an estimate of dowry rates for a bachelor IAS Officer (Indian Administrative Services) being as high as Rs 50 Lac to Rs 5 Crore (up to USD 1 Million). These high rates are one of the primary reasons for corruption as young IAS officers after marriage are forced to take bribes to maintain their new lifestyle and match the financial status of their wealthy in-laws. See also[edit] Dowry law in India Female foeticide in India References[edit] 1. Jump up ^ Godrej ‘Nupur Jagruti’- Dahej Ke Khilaf Ek Awaz 2. Jump up ^ â€Å"Dowry death: Police recovers Payal’s items†. Tribune. 3. Jump up ^ â€Å"Indian Man Accused of Killing Wife Who Refused to Abort Third Daughter†. National Right To Life News Today. May 17, 2011. 4. Jump up ^ â€Å"Govt looks to tighten abortion norms†. The Times Of India. 5. Jump up ^ Son preference attitude among Indian parents – A silent emergency | TwoCircles. net 6. Jump up ^ Census of India – India at a Glance : Sex Ratio 7. Jump up ^ â€Å"Kashmir’s ‘missing girls'†. Agence France-Presse. 2011-05-19. 8. Jump up ^ Ash, Lucy (2003-07-16). â€Å"India’s dowry deaths†. BBC News. 9. Jump up ^ â€Å"Till death do us part†. Deccan Herald. 20 May 2011. 10. Jump up ^ â€Å"School ‘pays dowry’ to save girls from childhood marriage†. CNN. 2011-06-16. 11. Jump up ^ â€Å"Rising dowry cases cast shadow over nuptial knot†. The Times of India. 2013-09-17. 12. Jump up ^ â€Å"Amend dowry law to stop its misuse, SC tells govt†. The Times Of India. 2010-08-17.

Intel Code of Conduct

Intel Code of Conduct INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 Our Mission Delight our customers, employees, and shareholders by relentlessly delivering platform and technology advancements that become essential to the way we work and live. Our Values Customer Orientation We Strive To: †¢ Listen and respond to our customers, suppliers and stakeholders †¢ Clearly communicate mutual intentions and expectations †¢ Deliver innovative and competitive products and services †¢ Make it easy to work with us †¢ Excel at customer satisfactionRisk Taking We Strive To: †¢ Foster innovation and creative thinking †¢ Embrace change and challenge the status quo †¢ Listen to all ideas and viewpoints †¢ Learn from our successes and mistakes †¢ Encourage and reward informed risk taking Discipline We Strive To: †¢ Conduct business with uncompromising integrity and professionalism †¢ Ensure a safe, clean and injury-free workplace †¢ Make and meet c ommitments †¢ Properly plan, fund and staff projects †¢ Pay attention to detail Great Place to WorkWe Strive To: †¢ Be open and direct †¢ Promote a challenging work environment that develops our diverse workforce †¢ Work as a team with respect and trust for each other †¢ Win and have fun †¢ Recognize and reward accomplishments †¢ Manage performance fairly and firmly †¢ Be an asset to our communities worldwide Quality We Strive To: †¢ Achieve the highest standards of excellence †¢ Do the right things right †¢ Continuously learn, develop and improve †¢ Take pride in our work Results OrientationWe Strive To: †¢ Set challenging and competitive goals †¢ Focus on output †¢ Assume responsibility †¢ Constructively confront and solve problems †¢ Execute flawlessly INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 From Intel’s President and CEO Intel competes in fast changing markets. We conduct business in geogr aphies around the world. In this environment of unprecedented change and opportunity, our path to continuing success is clear – uniting under a common vision, shared values and a consistent standard of conduct.Our business success has always depended on our ability to build trusted relationships – with one another, customers, suppliers, governments and communities. But, trusted relationships don’t happen over night. They’re built over time, on the integrity of every decision we make, every expectation we set and every action we take. Everything we do, big or small, can have big and lasting impact. Sometimes, the right action isn’t obvious. But we have our compass: a mission, a set of shared values, and our Intel Code of Conduct.This Code of Conduct represents Intel’s expectations of what it means to act ethically and within the boundaries of the law. Understand the Code. Discuss it, follow it, use it. Find the resources on the Ethics and Com pliance intranet site to help you apply the Code to your day-to-day work. The Code is the standard of conduct that unites us, strengthens and allows us to continuously deliver value and build trust year after year. Integrity beyond reproach is our commitment, our foundation and our future. Paul S. Otellini President and CEO INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 Table of ContentsCode of Conduct †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Intel Conducts Business with Honesty and Integrity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Conducting Business with Customers, Suppliers, and Others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Taking Corporate Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Preparing Accurate Financial and Other Records†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Intel Follows the Letter and Spirit of the Law †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Antitrust †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Bribery and Anti-Corruption †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Environmental Management and Compliance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Import and Export Compliance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Insider Trading †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Intellectual Property †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Privacy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Public Communications †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Intel Employees Treat Each Other Fairly †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Open and Honest Communication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Equal Employment Opportunities and Discrimination †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Anti-Harassment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Safety †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Intel Employees Act in the Best Interests of Intel and Avoid Conflicts of Interest †¦.. 8 Conflict of Interest Examples †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Handling Conflicts of Interest †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Gifts and Entertainment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Intel Employees Protect the Company’s Assets and Reputation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Protecting Physical Assets†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Maintaining Information Security †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Safeguarding Trademarks and Brands †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Representing Intel †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Asking Questions and Reporting Concerns †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Ways to Seek Guidance and Report Concerns †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Non-Retaliation Policy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Approvals and Waivers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Reminders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Code of Conduct Glossary Terms and Definitions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 Code of ConductSince the company began, uncompromising integrity and professionalism have been the cornerstones of Intel’s business. In all that we do, Intel supports and upholds a set of core values and principles. Our future growth depends on each of us understanding these values and principles and continuously demonstrating the uncompromising integrity that is the foundation of our company. The Code of Conduct sets the standard for how we work together to develop and deliver product, how we protect the value of Intel, and how we work with customers, suppliers and others.All of us at Intel must abide by the Code when conducting Intel-related business. The Code affirms Intel’s five principles of conduct: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Intel Conducts Business with Honesty and Integrity Intel Follows the Letter and Spirit of the Law Intel Employees Treat Each Other Fairly Intel Employees Act in the Best Interests of Intel and Avoid Conflicts of Interest Intel Employees Protect the Company’s As sets and Reputation Intel Conducts Business with Honesty and Integrity One of Intel’s core values is to conduct business with uncompromising integrity and professionalism.We put this value into practice by: †¢ †¢ †¢ Treating customers, suppliers, and others fairly, Acting as a responsible corporate citizen, respecting human rights, and managing the impact of our business on the world around us, and Keeping accurate financial and other books and records. Conducting Business with Customers, Suppliers, and Others Intel’s success is based on strong relationships of mutual respect and trust with our customers, suppliers, and others. To maintain these strong relationships, we treat everyone we deal with the way we would expect to be treated: with fairness, honesty, and respect.In our marketing and in our interactions with customers and potential customers, we always represent Intel products and services fairly and accurately. Taking Corporate Responsibility In tel has a long-standing, global reputation as a responsible corporate citizen. For us, corporate responsibility means achieving business success in INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 1 ways that uphold our values and high standards of ethics and that demonstrate respect for people and the planet. Intel intends to be a leader in encouraging education and enhancing the communities in which we do business.We do this by challenging ourselves and others to continuously improve, inspire, and strengthen our communities, as well as enabling technologies that improve the lives of people around the world. We demonstrate respect for people and the planet and ask all our employees to consider the short and long-term impacts to the environment and the community when they make business decisions. In all Intel-related activities, we need to uphold Intel’s long-standing, global reputation as a role model for socially responsible behavior. Preparing Accurate Financial and Other RecordsIntelâ⠂¬â„¢s financial and other business records shape the business decisions we make. We are responsible for ensuring that Intel’s books and records are full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable reflections of the company’s operations and business activities. Any records required by our jobs at Intel, such as time cards and expense reports must be accurate and complete. If questions arise, ask a direct or other manager for assistance. If you become aware of records that may be inaccurate, report the situation immediately to a direct or other manager.Intel does not support or condone preparing false records under any circumstances. Intel employs auditors to ensure that the way we conduct business and keep records is consistent with relevant accounting standards. We must cooperate with auditors and ensure that anyone acting under our direction also cooperates with auditors. Intel Follows the Letter and Spirit of the Law As a global company Intel must comply with the l aws of the many countries in which it does business. We are each responsible for knowing and following all applicable laws or regulations.We also must act in a manner that upholds the spirit and the intent of the law. Where the Code or company guidelines differ from local laws or regulations, we must always follow the higher standard. If you believe the requirements of the Code conflict with local law, consult Intel Legal. Violations of laws and regulations have serious consequences, both for the company and for the individuals involved. Therefore, when questions arise on these or other legal matters, you should always seek guidance from Intel Legal. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCTMAY 2, 2007 2 Some of the more common legal topics we encounter include antitrust, anticorruption, environment, import-export, insider trading, intellectual property, privacy, and public communications. Antitrust Antitrust laws, sometimes also called competition laws, govern the way that companies behave in the mark etplace. Antitrust laws encourage competition by prohibiting unreasonable restraints on trade. The laws deal in general terms with the ways companies deal with their competitors, customers, and suppliers.Violating antitrust laws is a serious matter and could place both the company and the individual at risk of substantial criminal penalties. In all regions and countries where Intel does business, Intel is committed to competing vigorously but fairly for suppliers and customers. To adhere to antitrust laws, we must not: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Communicate with any competitor relating to price, any term that affects pricing, or production levels, Divide or allocate markets or customers, Agree with a competitor to boycott another business, or Put inappropriate conditions on purchases or sales.When questions arise, contact Intel Legal for guidance. When dealing with distributors, we need to follow Intel’s pricing and merchandising policies carefully. The executive respons ible for distribution sales and marketing for a geographic area has more particular information regarding local procedures to be followed in dealing with distributors in that area and can answer questions. Bribery and Anti-Corruption Many countries have bribery and other anti-corruption laws that are intended to prevent companies and individuals from gaining an unfair advantage and from undermining the rule of law.We must never offer or accept bribes or kickbacks, and must not participate in or facilitate corrupt activities of any kind. This prohibition on offering or paying bribes also applies to third parties acting on Intel’s behalf, such as contractors or consultants. We must never engage a third party who we believe may attempt to offer a bribe to conduct Intel’s business. When doing business with governments, consult with Intel Legal to be certain you are aware of any special rules that apply, and obtain approval from Intel Legal before providing anything of valu e to a government official. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCTMAY 2, 2007 3 Environmental Management and Compliance A number of environmental laws, standards, requirements, and policies apply to our worldwide business operations, practices, and products. We have a responsibility to understand and follow these requirements, including: †¢ †¢ Conserving energy, water, raw materials and other natural resources, and Managing materials and wastes properly. We support a precautionary approach to the materials used in our products and strive to reduce and minimize the use of hazardous materials and the environmental impact of our manufacturing technologies.Intel expects our suppliers and others to comply also with all applicable environmental laws and standards in their operations. Import and Export Compliance In every country in which Intel does business, laws and regulations govern imports and exports. Many of these laws and regulations restrict or prohibit the physical shipment of Intel pro ducts or the transfer or electronic transmission of software and technology to certain destinations, entities, and foreign persons. In many cases, the law requires an export license or other appropriate government approvals before an item may be shipped or transferred.We have a responsibility to comply with these laws and regulations. Therefore, we must clear all goods through customs and must not: †¢ †¢ †¢ Proceed with a transaction if we know that a violation has occurred or is about to occur, Transfer controlled software and technology unless we have obtained an approved export license, and Apply an inappropriate monetary value to goods and services Violations, even inadvertent ones, could result in significant fines and penalties, denied export licenses, loss of export privileges, or customs scrutiny and delays.Because these laws and regulations are complex and unique in each country, Intel provides guidelines and training. Insider Trading Many countries have insi der trading laws that restrict securities trading and other activities by anyone who is in possession of material, non-public information. Material, non-public information is any information not generally known to the public that people might find important in making their decisions to buy or sell stock in a company. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 4Any Intel employee who possesses material, non-public information regarding Intel or any other company must not: †¢ †¢ †¢ Trade in that company’s stock while in possession of inside information, Use the inside information for personal advantage or the personal advantage of others, or â€Å"Tip† others who may buy or sell securities because of the inside information. When you have regular access to material, non-public information concerning Intel or another company, you need to take special care in planning securities trades. Intel has guidelines and policies to help you plan transactions consistent with th e requirements of the securities laws.Intel directors, officers, and senior employees (Intel grade levels 10 and above) may not purchase or write derivatives of Intel securities, such as puts and calls, or enter into any short sales or short positions (positions that allow the person to profit if the price of Intel securities goes down) with respect to Intel securities, with the limited exceptions noted in the company’s derivative securities policy. Intellectual Property Intellectual property rights are crucial to protecting the investments that companies and individuals make in developing new products and ideas.We protect our intellectual property and respect the intellectual property rights of others. We may not copy, reproduce, or transmit protected material, such as writing, artwork, music, video, photographs, movie clips and software unless we have authorization or license. We must use the confidential information of Intel or others only for business purposes and disclos e it only to those who are authorized and have a need to know. Even after we leave Intel employment, we must continue to protect confidential information (whether Intel's or another party’s) and not use or disclose it without authorization.Furthermore, we must not request or encourage anyone to use or disclose privileged, proprietary, or confidential information unless they are authorized to do so by the owner of that information. Privacy Many countries have implemented, or are planning to implement, privacy laws that set requirements for the appropriate handling of personal data (any information that can be used to identify, contact, or locate an individual). We are committed to protecting the reasonable privacy expectations of everyone we do business with, including our customers, consumers and INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 5 mployees. We believe individuals have the right to decide when their personal data is collected, used, or disclosed. We also believe that responsi ble stewardship of personal data is a critical component in maintaining trust in the Intel brand and ensuring that individuals feel confident that Intel respects their right to privacy. Therefore we each have a responsibility to comply with Intel privacy and information security requirements when personal data is collected, stored, processed, transmitted, and shared. When questions, issues, or concerns arise, consult Intel Legal or a member of the Privacy Team.Public Communications As a publicly traded company, Intel must comply with a variety of regulations that govern public communications to investors and the public and promote transparency in financial markets. Intel has specific requirements for financial reports and documents that the company files with or submits to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications. Therefore, if you are responsible for preparing such reports or contributing information for such reports, you need to ensure that t he disclosures are accurate, reliable, and complete.In addition, only authorized employees may make any public statements on behalf of Intel, whether to the media, investors, or other external entities. If you are contacted by a reporter or the public, refer the caller to Press Relations. Intel Employees Treat Each Other Fairly One of Intel’s core values is to work as a team with respect and trust for each other. We strive to uphold open and honest communication and to protect employees from discrimination, harassment, or unsafe practices. Open and Honest Communication Intel values the free flow of thoughts, ideas, questions, and concerns.Intel encourages employees to raise work-related issues or concerns with the direct manager as soon as possible after they arise. When necessary, the Open Door policy allows you to raises the issue with another manager, such as a department head, a division general manager, or another manager up to and including the Executive Office. If you are not comfortable using the Open Door to get answers to your questions or concerns about the Code or other topics, contact [email  protected] or a Human Resources representative, who will assess the issue or concern and determine next steps.INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 6 Intel does not tolerate any retaliation against employees for asking questions or making good faith reports of possible violations of law, the Code, or other guidelines. Equal Employment Opportunities and Discrimination Intel values diversity in its workforce, as well as in its customers, suppliers, and others. Intel provides equal employment opportunity for all applicants and employees. Intel does not unlawfully discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, disability, veteran status, gender identity, or sexual orientation.Intel also makes reasonable accommodations for disabled employees. We follow these principles in all areas of employment including recruitment, hiring, training, promotion, compensation, benefits, transfer, and social and recreational programs. Anti-Harassment Intel is committed to providing a workplace free of harassment based on personal characteristics such as race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, disability, veteran status, gender identity, or sexual orientation. Intel strongly disapproves of and does not tolerate harassment of employees by managers or co-workers.We must treat co-workers, customers, and suppliers with dignity and respect. Intel prohibits threats or acts of violence against co-workers, vendors, customers, or others. If you become aware of a threat or act of violent behavior in or near the Intel workplace, notify a manager of the details of the act or threat immediately. Managers who receive such information should immediately notify Intel Security. Safety Intel complies with the safety laws, standards, and Intel guidelines that apply to our business.Sound safety practices are impor tant in all Intel workplaces, not just the fabrication or assembly/test factories. To protect Intel employees, the public, and our communities, we conduct no activity without the proper safety precautions and produce no product without the proper safeguards. We believe all workplace injuries and illnesses are preventable. When we take care, employees and suppliers at Intel workplaces need to obey the safety requirements that apply to our job and workplace. We must not begin or continue any work activity contrary to safety requirements.INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 7 Intel Employees Act in the Best Interests of Intel and Avoid Conflicts of Interest A conflict of interest occurs when an employee’s personal or family interests interfere—or even appear to interfere—with the employee’s ability to make sound business decisions in the best interest of Intel. We should not put ourselves in situations where we could be tempted to make Intel business decisions that put our personal needs ahead of Intel’s interests. Conflict of Interest ExamplesConflicts of interest typically arise in the following situations: †¢ Conducting any non-Intel business that interferes with the proper performance of our roles at Intel, such as conducting non-Intel business during working hours; utilizing Intel confidential information, specialized skills or knowledge gained as an Intel employee; or using Intel property or equipment for non-Intel uses Offering or accepting a gift, entertainment, or other payment that could be viewed as a bribe Accepting any personal benefit that is or could be interpreted as being given to us because of our role or seniority at Intel or because the donors believe we might be in a position to assist them in the future Participating in or influencing an Intel decision that may result in a personal gain, gain for an immediate family member, or gain for someone with whom we have a close personal relationship Making use of business opportunities discovered or learned through the use of Intel property, information, or our positions at Intel that may result in a personal gain, gain for an immediate family member, or gain for someone with whom we have a close personal relationship Owning a significant interest in any business that does or is seeking to do business with Intel or is in competition with Intel, when the ownership might dilute our loyalty to Intel Supervising an immediate family member or someone with whom we have a close personal relationship †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Handling Conflicts of Interest Intel recognizes that a conflict of interest may arise without any willful action on our part or that changes in circumstances may create a conflict or appearance of a conflict in situations where previously none existed. If you become aware of a possible conflict of interest, disclose it immediately to your manager, making a full report of all pertinent facts and circumstanc es.The manager will determine, in consultation with Intel Legal as necessary, whether a conflict of interest exists, what needs to be done to resolve the conflict, or whether you may proceed. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 8 Disclosure is mandatory; failing to disclose a conflict of interest is a violation of the Code. Gifts and Entertainment Intel recognizes that exchanging business courtesies such as meals, entertainment, routine promotional gifts, and other items can be a part of building strong business relationships. At other times, such business courtesies are not appropriate. Intel provides guidelines to help determine when accepting or offering such courtesies may be appropriate and when to seek advice. As customs vary throughout the world, these guidelines may differ by country.However, there are some principles that are fixed and apply worldwide: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ We do not offer or accept a bribe, that is, anything designed to obligate a person to act imp roperly with regard to Intel’s business We do not offer or accept cash or cash equivalents without approval We never participate in any business entertainment activity that would violate the law or embarrass Intel by its public disclosure We consult our Intel Legal representative before offering anything of value to government or political party officials, as such gifts and entertainment are strictly regulated and often forbidden entirely We do not seek favors directly or indirectly, such as gifts, entertainment, sponsorships, or contributions from organizations doing business or seeking to do business with Intel †¢ If you have questions, consult Intel Legal. Intel Employees Protect the Company’s Assets and Reputation Intel spends considerable resources to develop and maintain assets used for the company’s business.We each have a responsibility to comply with all procedures that protect the value of Intel’s assets, including physical assets, informat ion, Intel brands, and its good name and reputation. Protecting Physical Assets Intel’s physical assets include facilities, equipment, and computer and communications systems. We are to use these assets primarily for Intel business. As a narrow exception, we may use computer and communications systems for reasonable, personal use. We need to follow applicable security and use procedures to protect the company’s physical assets from theft, loss, damage, or misuse. Report the theft, loss, damage, or misuse of Intel’s physical assets to Intel Security as soon as possible. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 9While Intel respects employee privacy, we should not assume that our desk, cubicle, or use of computer or telephone equipment is private or confidential. Subject to local laws, Intel may search and review both incoming and outgoing communications and all device information, including any passwordprotected employee communications. Maintaining Information Security Proprietary information is another valuable company asset and includes internal and external communication; digital information stored on laptops, handhelds, desktops, servers, backups, and portable storage devices; and hard copy documents and verbal discussions. When we work with proprietary and confidential information, we need to take personal responsibility to safeguard it from unauthorized disclosure, changes, or loss.We must comply with all Intel security policies and procedures for handling information assets and systems to ensure that we meet legal obligations, protect Intel’s reputation, and protect Intel’s investment in proprietary information. Safeguarding Trademarks and Brands Among Intel’s most valuable assets are its trademarks and brands. To protect the value and recognition of Intel's trademarks, Intel has established guidelines that specify how and when they may be used. We must follow these guidelines whenever we use the company’s tradem arks and brands, whether in internal and external communications or in materials prepared by third parties, such as marketing agencies, channel distributors, and Original Equipment Manufacturers. Representing IntelThe value of Intel’s reputation and good name must be upheld whenever we represent Intel. On occasion, Intel may request individuals to act as an employee, officer, director, partner, consultant, representative, agent, or adviser of another entity. In those cases, an employee should discuss the situation with the direct manager. You may need special rules to abide by the Code. In other cases, such as when speaking on business or technology topics in a public setting or posting on the Internet, you must make it clear that you are expressing your own views and not those of Intel, unless you are speaking as an authorized representative of the company.You must carefully follow special rules of conduct if you participate in or take a leadership position with an industry trade association, to avoid antitrust violations. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 10 Asking Questions and Reporting Concerns Each employee is responsible for reading, understanding, and following the Code. Anyone who violates the code is subject to discipline, up to and including termination of employment. Anyone who violates the law may also be subject to civil and criminal penalties. To help Intel conduct business with uncompromising integrity and professionalism, every employee has the duty to report possible violations of the law, the Code, and other company guidelines. Ways to Seek Guidance and Report ConcernsBecause the Code cannot address every situation, you will need to seek guidance whenever unsure of the correct course of action. Intel offers many ways to get information and ask questions about the Code. Consistent with Intel’s Open Door process, address the issue with your manager or with any other person in the management chain, including the Executive Office o r any officer of the corporation. Address ethics and legal questions and concerns with the internal groups who specialize in handling such issues at Intel, including Internal Audit, Intel Security, Intel Legal, and Human Resources Legal. Report concerns using the Ethics Reporting Form at EthicsandCompliance. intel. com, which allows for anonymous reporting.You have an obligation to report any potential or actual violations of the law, the Code, or other Intel guidelines, so they may be investigated. Intel takes all reports seriously, looks into the matter, and takes appropriate action. Non-Retaliation Policy Intel does not tolerate any retaliation against anyone who in good faith reports possible violations of law, the Code, or other company guidelines, or who asks questions about on-going or proposed conduct. Employees who attempt to retaliate will be disciplined. Employees who believe they have experienced retaliation for reporting possible violations should contact a local repres entative in Human Resources or Intel Legal.Approvals and Waivers The Code sets out expectations for Intel’s conduct. When certain situations require permission from management or another person before taking action, you need to raise the issue promptly to allow enough time for the necessary review and approval. In a particular circumstance Intel may find it appropriate to waive a provision of the Code. To seek a waiver, speak with a manager, who will consider the request in consultation with others, such as Intel Legal or Internal Audit. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 11 Directors and executive officers who seek a waiver should address the Board of Directors or a designated committee of the Board.Intel discloses such waivers for directors and executive officers to the extent and in the manner required by law, regulation, or stock exchange listing standard. Reminders The Code serves as our guide for conducting business with integrity. It is not an employment contract and co nfers no rights relating to employment. The Code is not a complete list of Intel guidelines. You are expected to know and comply with all Intel guidelines related to your job. Violation of these other guidelines may also result in discipline, up to and including termination of employment. INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 12 Code of Conduct Glossary Terms and Definitions Topic Term DefinitionConduct Business with Honesty/Integrity Conducting Business with Customers, Suppliers, and Others Preparing Accurate Financial/Other Records Company guidelines Additional documentation to clarify key topics such as Supplier Publicity and Confidentiality Policy (SPCP) Financial record Any record that flows into Intel's financial statements. Preparing Accurate Financial/Other Records Preparing Accurate Financial/Other Records Preparing Accurate Financial/Other Records Other business records Auditors Any other document, including PowerPoint presentations, that is not financial in nature, e. g. whit e papers, statements of work, etc. Includes both external and internal auditors. Accounting Standards Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), International Accounting Standards (IAS), Securities ; Exchange Commission (SEC)Follow the Letter and Spirit of the Law Bribery and AntiCorruption Government official or representative Any individual acting on behalf of a government, government department, government agency or government-owned company. Enforcement agencies interpret â€Å"government official† very broadly to include individuals who would not traditionally have been treated as a government â€Å"official†. For example under the current enforcement practice even an employee of a partially government-owned entity can be treated as a government â€Å"official†. Consultants who have been retained by the government or who are acting on behalf of the government clearly fall within the current definition. Someone other than the parties directly involved i n the action or transaction.Giving of something of value, money, a favor, something in kind which may include a promise or excusing a debt or obligation is offered or give to a person in position of trust in order to influence his/her judgment or conduct. Bribery and AntiCorruption Bribery and AntiCorruption Third party Bribe INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 13 Topic Environmental Management and Compliance Import and Export Compliance Term Precautionary approach Import Definition Carefully considering the health or environmental risks from using a material and striving to find cleaner and safer alternatives. An import is any item coming into a country or crossing a border.Imports may be subject to customs duty, quota restrictions, bans, or licensing requirements, depending on the country of origin and the item. An Export is often seen as merely a physical shipment of goods, but this is a common misconception. An export can also take the form of an e-mail message, a conversation, or even a foreign national catching a glimpse of technology or a process that originated in the U. S. A Foreign Person is anyone who is not a U. S. citizen or permanent U. S. resident who is working and residing in the United States. Depending on what country the Foreign Person is from and what type of work he/she will be doing for Intel, an export license may need to be obtained prior to employment.Intel produces products, software and technologies that are considered controlled by the U. S. government. There is also manufacturing equipment at Intel that may be considered controlled by the U. S. government. Give the holder the right to buy stock at a specified price during a specified period of time. Transactions where the underlying value is derived from another indicator, such as a stock price, an index price, an interest rate, etc. Examples include call options which give the holder the right to buy stock at a specified price, or put options which give the holder the right to sell stock at a specified price, during a specified period of time.Give the holder the right to sell stock at a specified price during a specified period of time. Tipping occurs when someone gives material inside information about a company to someone else in circumstances where it is likely that the recipient of the information will trade on that information. Information or subjects discussed with an Intel attorney Import and Export Compliance Export Import and Export Compliance Foreign Persons Import and Export Compliance Controlled software and technology Insider Trading Insider Trading Calls or Call Options Derivatives Insider Trading Insider Trading Puts or Put Options Tip or Tipping Intellectual Property Privileged INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 14Topic Intellectual Property Privacy Term Intellectual property rights Personal data Definition Include patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, know how, and mask work rights Personal data includes any information that can be u sed to identify, contact or locate someone. This includes any information which is linked to personal data, or from which other personal data can easily be derived. Examples include someone’s name, address, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address, Social Security Number or other national government identifier, etc. Treat Each Other with Fairly Anti-Harassment Harassment Harassment is a specific type of employment discrimination.It includes verbal, physical and visual conduct that creates an intimidating, offensive, or hostile environment in the workplace that interferes with work performance. Harassment may be based on gender, race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, age, marital status, sexual orientation, disability, gender identity or veteran status. Any place where Intel business is being conducted including owned or leased offices, labs, warehouses, factories, construction sites, outdoor spaces on Intel property, or offsite business meetings. Defined safety procedures and expectations for the purpose of controlling employee risk to recognized safety hazards. Safety Intel workplaces Safety Safety requirementsAvoid Conflicts of Interest Handling Conflicts of Interest Bribe Giving of something of value, money, a favor, something in kind which may include a promise or excusing a debt or obligation is offered or give to a person in position of trust in order to influence his/her judgment or conduct. This refers to an employee taking advantage of a situation at the expense of the company and profits from the situation as a consequence of taking advantage. It does not matter whether or not the gain or profit was done with intent. Examples of these would be corporate credit-card fraud, expense fraud, theft of Intel products, theft of confidential information, and time-card fraud. An interest in something outside of an employee’s job at Intel is significant when this influences an employee’s ability to make fair and impartial dec isions in the best interest of Intel. Handling Conflicts of InterestPersonal gain Handling Conflicts of Interest Significant interest INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 15 Topic Handling Conflicts of Interest Handling Conflicts of Interest Dilute Term Definition To reduce the strength, force, or efficiency This may or not refer to a blood relative; this also includes friendships or relations whose may be influential in another person’s decision making or judgments. Action that is done deliberately or with intent To make known; to reveal or uncover These refer to the usually acceptable practices between representatives of 2 or more companies that are considering doing business or are actually doing business together.These practices would include invitations to events or meals, the giving of gifts of appreciation. Under corporate policies and practice, this refers to items of nominal or small value that are routinely given away for marketing purposes and as such these must inclu de a logo or trademark of the supplier, vendor, or contractor who is giving this away. To feel morally or legally bound to do (or avoid doing) something for someone else. For example, a supplier or customer offers you entertainment within acceptable dollar guidelines. If you would feel obligated to provide some benefit to the supplier or customer in return, you should avoid the entertainment. Close personal relationshipHandling Conflicts of Interest Handling Conflicts of Interest Handling Conflicts of Interest Willful action: Disclose Business courtesies Handling Conflicts of Interest Routine promotional Gifts and Entertainment Obligate Protect the Company’s Assets/Reputation Maintaining Information Security Proprietary and confidential information Specific data types that are regulated by laws, contractual agreements, national and international regulations, and Intel Policies. Failure to provide proper access restrictions on the distribution, display, transportation, use, or storage of this information may put Intel at risk and may also put the individuals involved at risk.Examples: Conflict of Interest, Insider Trading and Tipping, Personnel Privacy, Health Information Privacy, Customer Privacy, Customer Transaction Information, Trade Secrets, Future Marketing Information, Controlled Technology, Sensitive Business Processes, Security Information, Legal and Information Export regulations. 1. An asset is something of value to its owner; is often referred to â€Å"property†. Assets may come in the form Safeguarding Trademarks and Assets INTEL CODE OF CONDUCT MAY 2, 2007 16 Topic Brands Term Definition of tangible and intangible property. 2. An asset is any economic resource controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events and from which future economic benefits may be obtained. Examples include cash, equipment, buildings, and land. Safeguarding Trademarks and Brands TrademarkA trademark is anything that identifies the source of o ne’s goods or services and distinguishes them from those of another, including a word, a name, a design, a color, a phrase, a sound, or even a scent. It is a word (Tide*), name (Howard Johnson*), symbol (McDonald’s Golden Arches*), device (Pillsbury Doughboy*), phrase (The Ultimate Driving Machine*) or sound (Intel Bong/Sonic) that is used in trade with goods to indicate the source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others. A trademark is a valuable asset worth millions of dollars and signifies the standards of excellence and consistent quality associated with the Intel products and services. This gives the consumer an assurance of quality when making future purchasing decisions in the marketplace.Thus, a trademark is inherently bound up with the â€Å"good will,† and reputation, that is developed by the owner of the mark. 1. A brand is a collection of images and ideas representing an economic producer; more specifically, it refers to the con crete symbols such as a name, logo, slogan, and design scheme. 2. Is often used interchangeably with â€Å"trademark†. 3. A brand is a sign identified by a distinctive word, phrase, sign, package or label. It is a representation of a company’s name, trademarks, products, designs and symbols. Safeguarding Trademarks and Brands Brands Safeguarding Trademarks and Brands Safeguarding Trademarks and Brands Representing Intel Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) Channel Distributors Direct Customers

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Enlightment - Essay Example He considered education a tool for enlightenment which needed to be observed at all costs. Freedom of religion was also taken into consideration and was considered equally important. Frederick the Great also wrote many books about religion. He allowed his subjects to believe in any type of religion they liked (Murvar, 2013). Frederick is also considered as enlightened despot because of his contribution to promoting industry, commerce and agriculture. He reorganized the indirect taxes system, which provided the state with additional revenue than before. Additionally, Frederick the Great is considered as an enlightened despot because his mother brought him up with the educational values of the enlightenment. In his childhood, his mother tutors who were in a position to teach him poetry. French culture and the Greek classical literature. His father also insisted that he needed to be taught matters related to politics and military. Therefore, he became a military genius (Halpern, 2007). Lastly, Frederick became a patron of arts and sciences. He was also a talented musician, writing flute sonatas. At some point, he corresponded with intellectual leaders of enlightenment such as Voltaire. In his scientific work, he encouraged the Berlin academy and encouraged architects to build elaborate buildings and structures. Such structures and buildings established Berlin as a cultural capital (Halpern,

Hindu Tradition & Christian Thought & Greek Philosophical Thought Research Paper

Hindu Tradition & Christian Thought & Greek Philosophical Thought - Research Paper Example This is where the different forms of art and media play an important role. The various artistic mediums of expression in India like literature, music, theatre, cinema etc. have always tried to reflect the contemporary trends prevailing in the Indian society. However, the art forms have another social responsibility also. Many creative endeavors have been made based upon a socially relevant subject and the art medium has been used to spread the social message among the viewers of the artistic medium. In this way, the wide reach of the art mediums are used to propagate certain influential ideas in society. The short story â€Å"Attitude determines Altitude† describes how the lives of two young boys were positively influenced by a Hindi mythological film. The story provides an example of how the medium of cinema can spread the influence of Indian religion and mythology to a greater audience. The present generation of young Indians is used to living a hectic life right from their childhood, where they are burdened with their education and other extra-curricular pursuits. Naturally, they do not have the time to explore the rich traditions of Indian culture and religion. However, Hindi films have always been very popular among the youth. Therefore, the Hindi cinematic medium can be utilized to educate the young Indians in their country’s religious traditions. ... Rajesh, aged 38 years was employed as a manager in a private corporate firm, while Sarika worked as a school teacher in one of the neighborhood schools. The couple had two sons: Arun, aged 7 years and Aditya who was a mere 3 years old. The family lived with Rajesh’s parents in a rented flat in the Andheri locality of Mumbai. The two young boys had just embarked on their school life. Arun studied in the second standard while Aditya attended a playschool in the vicinity. Their parents Rajesh and Sarika were dynamic individuals who had worked hard to attain a respectable position in the society. However, in comparison the sons seemed to be too innocent and timid. They did not appear to be children of the modern generation who were supposed to be smart and enthusiastic in all spheres of life. In fact, their parents were quite concerned about the shy behavior of the two boys. The present world required its inhabitants to be strong and responsible to endure the trials of the modern society. The couple encouraged their sons to socialize with the other children in their apartment and participate in different games hoping that would help the boys to gain confidence and improve their social interactions. Arun and Aditya did all of these activities; however, the result was not as their parents would have liked to see. They boys remained hesitant and withdrawn in their everyday behavior. However, Indians firmly believe that the Almighty grants the wishes of those who request earnestly of Him. Similarly, Rajesh and Sarika’s prayers were finally answered one day. On Arun’s eighth birthday, one of Sarika’s colleagues in school gifted him with a DVD (Digital Video Disc) of the Indian animation film â€Å"Hanuman.† Hanuman was actually a Hindu religious God who himself was an

Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Lab - Essay Example A flow chart was used to distinguish between cations in the resultant solution. A flow chart refers to a diagrammatic presentation of a process sequence such as chemical reactions. A flow chart for four ions was drawn during the experiment to help identify the ions present in the solution. The aim of the experiment was to separate cations present in the solution by using different chemical reagents to form precipitates, which would then be used to identify every cation. Each group member was given an unknown number to analyze and establish the cations present in unnamed solution. Barium (Ba2+), Iron (III) (Fe3+), Mercury (I) (Hg2 2+) and Cadmium (Cd2+) were the cations present in the solution assigned to my group. I was assigned an unknown number identified as 2A. An observation chart for all reactions using all reagents was created to help identify the cations present in the solution. Further, a flow chart was sketched based on solubility rule. The flow chart was then utilized to distinguish and identify the four cations present in the given

Job Order Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Job Order Costing - Essay Example In job order costing, the key is that the work is done to the customers specifications. As a result, each job tends to be different in nature. Even if the job may seem to be exactly the same at first, often a customer will want a worker to do something different than what was originally thought to be done. For example, â€Å"job order costing is used for construction projects, government contracts, shipbuilding, automobile repair, job printing, textbooks, toys, wood furniture, office machines, caskets, machine tools, and luggage. Accumulating the cost of professional services (e.g., lawyers, doctors and CPAs), also fall into this category† (MAAW, â€Å"What Is a Cost Accounting System?†). Job Order Costing is used by companies where products or services are identifiable by individual units or batches—auto repair, tax return preparation, case in an attorney’s office, ship construction, etc. The costs attributable to a particular job are assigned directly to it. When a job produces a specific quantity for inventory, job order costing permits the computation of a unit cost for inventory costing purposes. When jobs are performed on the basis of customer specifications, job order costing permits the computation of a profit or loss on each order. Since costs are revealed as an order goes through production, these costs may be compared with estimates which were made when an order was taken. Job order costing thereby provides opportunities for controlling costs. It allows the person to help try to keep costs as stable as they can, yet still find a way to make a profit. This ability helps keep both the worker and customer happy, and helps promote a better relationship between the contractor or professional and the person who is paying for the work. This can also help keep costs low, because the customer does not need to pay for services they do not need, even if the professional is capable of doing them. This way, the

Is weight discrimination present in the workplace Research Paper

Is weight discrimination present in the workplace - Research Paper Example In fact according to statistics taken by Centers for Disease Control in 2006, it has shown that thirty four percent of all the adults living in the U.S have a BMI (body Mass index) of not less than 30 which is considered to be obese. In addition to Americans getting heavier and heavier a survey taken by the Yale University, prove that weight discriminations are present in work places as well as in our day-to-day encounters. In fact, it has been voted to be more present than discrimination against gender or age with racism taking the highest rank. On the real reasons as to why Obese people are discriminated in the work place, majority of the people consider them as being lazy, lack of self-discipline, unsuccessful and unintelligent (Brownell et al, 2010) According to statistics that have been taken into account to demonstrate weight discrimination in work places, they display those employees who are seen as obese are at a higher percentage not to be hired. In addition to that, their chances of being promoted are minimal, and if given jobs, their payment is lower compared to their fellow thinner employees. To prove this, they usually have the same credentials, qualifications, job performance, and education. The discrimination increases, as the individual gets heavier. The heavier the individual, the more likely the chances of reporting weight discrimination will be heard (Cardain, 2011). The national Longitudinal Survey of Youth also participated in a survey that demonstrated how in work places, thinner people are paid more that obese individuals who are performing the same duty. The statistics continue to display that if a female white individuals living in the United States have a decrease in their salary by nine percent if they happen to gain more than 65 pounds of the average weight of an individual (Douglas, 2011). In comparison to their coworkers who are less heavy than them, taking the fact that they perform the same duties, it has been reported that

Write a report style essay on one of the topics listed below

Write a report style on one of the topics listed below - Essay Example , businesses, especially those with overseas operations and branches all over the world rely on wireless networks to send and receive information on short notices. However, its effects may not all be good. In recent times, issues have been voiced out relating to health hazards arising from long term exposure to electro magnetic radiation emitted by wireless networks. Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is a networking system which interconnects devices within a small geographic area. Such devices would include multiple printers, telephones, keyboards, mice and personal computers that need not be connected with wires anymore. An example of this would be Bluetooth. Worboys & Duckham (2004, p. 281) have described Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) as technology that uses radio instead of wires to transmit data back and forth across distances of 100 m or so from LAN access points. It connects computers in a small area such as a home, office or school. An example of this would be WiFi (wireless fidelity) networks. Mobile Device Networks are alternative means of carrying computer data through smart phones and cell phones. Such networks include Global System for Mobile Communications, Personal Communications Service and D-AMPS. Research has been carried out about the risks to health caused by wireless networking systems. Studies have linked radiation from mobile phones to cancer and brain damage and scientists believe that it can cause premature senility and tumors. Children are especially at risk as they have thinner skulls than adults and developing nervous systems. According to Bangeman (2006), Fred Gilbert, the president of Lakehead University, declares that since younger people have fast growing tissues, wireless networking system poses a threat for them and that even if the risks associated to wireless networking have not been realized yet; it may be so 30-40 years down the road. Another cause of concern is that wireless networking systems use 2.4 GHz radio

Cuba Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cuba - Essay Example Cubans has produced many excellent boxers, including world champion Joel Casamayor. Music is treasured by the Cuban people who enjoy jazz, mambo and bolero genres. The family institution is highly value in Cuba, a place where family values and obligation comes first. When the son finds a suitable partner and gets marry it is not uncommon for the wife to move in and live with the husbands parents until a home is found for them. There is shortage of housing in Cuba. On a yearly basis the country only produces and builds half of the required demand for housing in the state (CultureGrams, 2007). The socialism reality of Cuba has made its residents a bit hesitant to fully cultivate religion. The Catholic Church has invested a lot of effort trying to open the minds of the people toward their cult which has worked towards a certain extend. Other types of religion practiced in Cuba include Spiritualism, Brujerà ­a and Santerà ­a. Santeria is a fusion of Roman Catholicism and a West African religion of an African (CountryWatch, 2007). Cuba is very well educated nation primary schooling is mandatory and majority of people complete secondary school. Th e literacy rate of Cuba is 97% and the country enjoys a higher educational system of 50 university institutions around the island (CultureGrams, 2007). Despite the poverty and restriction on liberties the Cuban people are very similar to Latin cultures as free as being free spirited work people who enjoy classical Salsa music and nightlife and â€Å"festivals† are part of the social life of Cuban adults. The Cubans eat a lot at home and the most important meal of the day is dinner a time for the family to reflect on their day and communicate with each other. Typical meal includes rice and beans, â€Å"viandas† and the prefer meat because of its lower price and local production is chicken. The favorite and most consumed tropical fruits eaten by the Cuban people are: mangos, avocados, oranges, lemons, pineapples and

Physical systems in Canada and US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical systems in Canada and US - Essay Example The land area of these countries runs from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. The Pacific Ocean parallels the coastal region of Canada and the U.S. Furthermore, tectonic forces formed the mountainous ranges of these countries millions of years ago. They include the Cascade Range, Coast Range, Alaska range, and Sierra Nevada (National Geographic, 2013). It is believed that from 500 million year of old rocks present at permission gap to contemporary windblown sand dunes at Canyon, geologic formation or configuration of the big bend illustrate interestingly the diverse depositional styles over an enormous interval of time. For majority of the individuals, it measured by passing generations, years and days. The issue of geologic time is not easily comprehended because events that happened 20 million or as many as 100 million years are at best, hard to comprehend. During the end of the Paleozoic period, a deep ocean basin or trough expanded from modern day Oklahoma and Arkansas into the big bend place of the West Texas. Sands and sediments from the highlands to the north formed and accumulated in that basin or trough to create layers or sheets of sand, clay, and gravel. With time, these sheets melted into shale beds and sandstones. Canada and the U.S are experiencing strain on environmental resources because of increased population. The environment determines the use of resources meets human requirement while preserving and maintaining the environment in order to ensure that that human needs can be met in present and in the future. Distribution of human population affects environmental resources, regions that people live, and consumption patterns. It is rational to state that more people needs more environmental resources and produce more waste which pose a greater challenge to the environment (National Geographic, 2013). The rapidly growing population is experiencing a scenario whereby many people

Working Parents Have Problem Children Essay Example for Free

Working Parents Have Problem Children Essay A young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age of majority† [1] is the definition of child in Oxford dictionary. The world’s population is estimated to 7 billion with 2 billion children. [2] Turkey has a population of 73,722,998 and including approximately 22.6 million (30.7 %) children.[3] They have an important slide of the population and they are the adults of future. However, as recent conditions are required working more, there exist psychological problems of children with working parents. In this proposal it is intended to investigate the psychology of children with working parents and the possible solutions to influence the psychology of the children with working parents positively by evaluating alternatives. 2. Problem Definition The researches alert that the children with working parents have some psychological and health problems. The study of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality examines that child’s risk of having overnight hospitalizations, asthma episodes, and injuries or poisonings, a 200 percent increase if child has a working mother.[4]The NICHD Study of Early Child Care reports that a small minority of children ( 16%) who spent 30 [continues] Here are a few ways that children suffer. 1. Lack of Income. One out of five experience various degrees of poverty even in wealthy areas. An ever increasing number of families are poor because both parents are working at low-paying, dead end jobs with no benefits. The results: Kids cannot have things they want and need such as pets, clothes, and school events. They hear mom and dad argue about finances. Low quality daycares that do not meet the needs or provide a safe environment for children. 2. Lack of Interest. We all want what is best for our kids. To some parents, that means providing a better and more comfortable life. They think the only way to have the lifestyle desired is for both parents to work. They forget that what matters more to kids is when their parents show interest in THEM. When both parents work, they usually have less time for their children. The results: Parents miss their childrens events, such as games, recitals, and everyday life. Children do not feel loved. (Love is spelled T-I-M-E). Kids misbehave, just striving to get some kind of attention. In time, it turns to complete rebellion. 3. Lack of Influence. Someone is grooming our kids. If we as parents are not grooming them for success, we are dooming them for failure. If both parents work, kids cannot come to their parents for help with lifes problems. They look to outside sources for guidance. The results: Children look to the media which is filled with violence and vanity. Children look to their peers, which may have their own social problems. Children look to escape through drugs, improper relationships, and other harmful things. Children will probably suffer a lot when they are young (below 12 years old) and both parents are at work. This is because they are not old enough to take care of themselves. They need their parents’ support, both mentally and physically. If parents neglect the growth of their children, it is quite possible that their children will

Introduction to the Kalabagh Dam

Introduction to the Kalabagh Dam The Kalabagh Dam is situated about 210 km downhill of Tarbela Dam on the River Indus. The project comprises the structure of 260 ft. tall rock-fill dam. With its punishing retentive equal to 915 ft., the basin, which the dam will make, will provide the capacity of storage of about 6.1 million-acre feet. The development of this project comprises of two channels on the right side for disposal of floodwater. If the cases of highest flooding are faced, then these channels will have a discharge capacity of over 2 million cusecs. The Left side of the dam comprises of the powerhouse, with a convincing generation capability of 3,600 MW. It is to be pointed that the regular current at Kalabagh is 89 MAF, comprises of 72 percent of the Indus, 25 percent of the river Kabul and 3 percent of the river Soan. The limited storing of 6.1 MAF is 7% of the regular annual flow. Where is KALABAGH DAM LOCATED? Kalabagh Dam is situated in the Mianwali District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the precise course of the dam conferring to the many coordinates is 32 °57à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³North and 071 °36à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²49à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³East. Kalabagh Dam is a dam, which features one of the distinctive type of earth, fills Dam in which the zoned fill ridge is accomplished with the help of mud and core. Suppose, we have an overview on the description and the sizes of the dam for which it is recognized as the main dam in Pakistan and one of the major dams in Asia. Height wise Kalabagh dam is 79 meters, which is 259 feet, length wise the dam is 3,350 meters, meaning it is equivalent to 10,991 feet. Confiscates of the Kalabagh Dam are straightly related with the Indus river. The tank, which is being executed at the Kalabagh Dam, has the lively volume of 7.52 km3 (6,100,000 acre/ft) while the sedentary volume of the dam is 9.7 km3 (7,900,000 acre/ft) while the covering area include of 110,500 sq mi (286,000 km2). Kalabagh Dams power station has the Hydraulic head of 170 feet which revenues 52 meters while the turbines power is 12 x 300 MW with the all-out volume of 3,600 MW and with the yearly production of 11,400 GWH. Kalabagh Dam is one of the very vital supplies of Pakistan when they are facing such intimidating and disturbing energy disaster and deficit of electricity and if the dam is being constructed to work on its whole volume then within no time Pakistan can get rid of this overwhelming problem of energy. Kalabagh Dam would allow extra and better agricultural work to all provinces, inside a little time limit. All other recognized locations for dams have a much lengthier development tenure, in the nonappearance of early lessons. The early installation will generate 11,400 million Kwh of energy annually. Because of conjunctive operation, it will allow improvement of 600 MW of climaxing competence and additional 336 million Kwh of yearly production at Tarbela. Kalabagh Dam will supplement irrigation provisions, hydropower and alleviate floods. Additionally, indirect benefits like more industrial and food production, employment and agricultural boost will accrue. The project will have a useful economic life of over 50 years, without requiring any major replacement of machines and EM equipment. The development will wage its asset cost in a retro of fewer than 10 years, as proposed project yearly welfares are US$ 628.18 Million and the development monetary cost is US$ 6002 Million (comprehe nsive of awareness and growths) at 1998 value flat. The opponents of Kalabagh dam while have the main impact on Sindh and KPK who have some anxieties relating to the building of this dam. The issues are involved which are related to faith shortfall. Due to the serious environment and human impact, the construction of this dam is believed to be worthless. KPK puts an objection to Kalabagh as it will clue towards the dislodgment of a substantial amount of its individuals and a huge area of its property will also be flooded or become waterlogged. Furthermore, it is hypothetical that the Noshehra city, which is actually home to 2000,000 people, might arise a danger of flooding, as it is located at the sets of Kabul River. Alternatively, a significant issue in Sindh is desertification, it has continuously felt endangered by Punjab, and it declines to put trust on the province that the entire River Indus waters will not be left to provide the needs of Punjab only, dehydrating the downstream Sindh River. These anxieties are connected to the understanding of the operation of Taunsa-Punjnad and Chashma-Jehlum canal. The unfriendliness of Balochistan to Kalabagh is also grounded on the faith that if the dam overstrains the request in the river than the needs for more water through Guddu Barrage will be encountered with little achievement. Other issues such as ecological deprivation and human impacts- restoration and relocation because of building have also been elevated. Most importantly, it is supposed that the location of the dam is on a fault line. Until now, Pakistan has recycled only about 10 percent of its projected 40,000 mw of monetarily feasible hydropower potential, a section around 30 percent inferior than India and China and around 75 percent lower than other established states. The country is not only facing severe electricity scarcity but in spite of the best irrigation system, it still undergo importations of wheat on credit from abroad. Kalabagh dam has rather become a disaster of supremacy; current faith shortfall between Punjab on one side and the other three provinces on the other is the important issue. It is not for the representatives or magistrates to choose whether this dam should be built. A national level discussion is obligatory lecturing the anxieties of Sindh and KPK based on technical study of the project. For this drive, apolitical experts from all four shires should take measures to study and present the feasibility report at the central level. It would be a optimistic growth if the report bounces a green signal to the construction. Though, if the report finds approximately correctness in the issues elevated by Sindh and KPK such as sinking of Nowshera and site being on the fault line, then it is period to move advancing for decent and contemplate of other supportable developments.

Magnetic storage devices

Magnetic storage devices INTRODUCTION: Magnetic storage and magnetic recording are the term that refer to the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetization in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of the non volatile memory. Using one or more read/write heads the information is accessed . Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the surface of the device, whether its a disk or it is a magnetic tape. There are several typesof magnetic storage devices such as: Hard Disks, Floppy Disks, and Tapes. They can use Random Access or Sequential Access memory. Some magnetic storage devices can be moved from computer to computer and some cant. Some of them can be easily broken, and some are not, but most are sealed with a protective case. Magnetic storage media and devices store data in the form of tiny magnetised dots. These dots are created, read and erased using magnetic fields created by very tiny electromagnets. In the case of magnetic tape the dots are arranged along the length of a long plastic strip which has been coated with a magnetisable layer (audio and video tapes use a similar technology). In the case of magnetic discs (e.g. floppy disc or hard-drive), the dots are arranged in circles on the surface of a plastic, metal or glass disc that has a magnetisable coating. HISTORY: Oberlin Smith was the first one to publicize magnetic storage in the form of audio recording on a wire in 1888. He filed a patent in September, 1878 but did not pursue the idea as his business was machine tools. The first publicly demonstrated magnetic recorder was invented by Valdemar Poulsen in 1898. Poulsens device recorded a signal on a wire wrapped around a drum. In 1928, Fritz Pfleumer developed the first magnetic tape recorder. Early magnetic storage devices were designed to record analog audio signals. Computer and now most audio and video magnetic storage devices record digital data. Magnetic storage was also used for primary storage in a form of magnetic drum, or core memory, core rope memory, thin film memory, twistor memory or bubble memory at old times. Unlike modern computers, magnetic tape was also often used for secondary storage. Magnetic recording classes Analog recording Analog recording is based on the fact that remnant magnetization of a given material depends on the magnitude of the applied field. The magnetic material is normally in the form of tape, with the tape in its blank form being initially demagnetized. When recording, the tape runs at a constant speed. The writing head magnetizes the tape with current proportional to the signal. A magnetization distribution is achieved along the magnetic tape. Finally, the distribution of the magnetization can be read out, reproducing the original signal. The magnetic tape is typically made by embedding magnetic particles in a plastic binder on polyester film tape. The commonly used magnetic particles are Iron oxide particles or Chromium oxide and metal particles with size of 0.5 micrometers. Analog recording was very popular in audio and video recording. In the past 20 years, however, tape recording has been gradually replaced by digital recording. Digital recording Instead of creating a magnetization distribution in analog recording, digital recording only need two stable magnetic states, which are the +Ms and -Ms on the hysteresis loop. Examples of digital recording are floppy disks and HDDs. Since digital recording is the main process nowadays and probably in the coming future, the details of magnetic recording will be discussed in the rest of the project using the HDD as an example. Magneto-optical recording Magneto-optical recording writes/reads optically. When writing, the magnetic medium is heated locally by a laser, which induces a rapid decrease of coercive field. Then, a small magnetic field can be used to switch the magnetization. The reading process is based on magneto-optical Kerr effect. The magnetic medium are typically amorphous R-Fe Co thin film (R being a rare earth element). Magneto-optical recording is not very popular. One famous example is Minidisc developed by Sony. Domain propagation memory Domain propagation memory is also called bubble memory. The basic idea is to control domain wall motion in a magnetic medium that free of microstructure. Bubble refers to stable cylindrical domain. The information is then recorded by the presence/absence of bubble domain. Domain propagation memory has high insensitivity to shock and vibration, so its application are usually in space and aeronautics. Magnetic Storage Devices: The read/write capability of computer disk drives requires the relative motion of a magnetic media and a read/write magnetic head. Physical contact between the media and the head occurs during loading and unloading cycles. Tailoring the mechanical properties of the media and the head has become critical in order to minimize damage and loss of data. This application note is focused on the mechanical properties of the head slider. The tested head sliders are composed of an Al2O3-TiC composite with a thin 10 -20nm diamond-like-carbon protective overcoat. As shown in Figure 3, the slider surface is composed of two phases, Al2O3 and TiC. The Hysitron Tribo Scope was the first instrument to report hardness differences for two material phases used in head sliders. The TriboScope is a quantitative depth sensing nanoindenter that can be interfaced with a scanning probe microscope to provide This imaging capability distinguishes between phases in a composite material, making it possible to select the phase in which the indentation is to be performed. Once theindentation is performed, the surface is imaged a second timeto characterize the indent. The applied force and the penetration depth of the indenter into the surface are measured simultaneously. The lighter regions in theimage correspond to the TiC phase while the darker regions can be attributed to the Al2O3 phase. The insets in Figure 1 show the indentations made in each phase. Both indentations were performed at the same peak applied force of 50Â µN. Types of magnetic storage devices There are basically two type of storage devices Removable storage devices Fixed storage devices Fixed storage devices Fixed hard drive A hard-drive built into the case of a computer is known as fixed. Almost every computer has a fixed hard-drive. Fixed hard-drives act as the main backing storage device for almost all computers since they provide almost instant access to files (random access and high access speeds). Removal magnetic storage devices Portable Hard Drive A portable hard-drive is one that is placed into a small case along with some electronics that allow the hard-drive to be accessed using a USB or similar connection. Portable hard-drives allow very large amounts of data to be transported from computer to computer. Many portable music players (such as the iPod classic) contain tiny hard-drives. These miniature devices are just not much bigger than a stamp, but can still store over 100MB of data! Magnetic Tape Magnetic tape is a large capacity, serial access medium. Because it is a serial access medium, accessing individual files on a tape is slow. Tapes are used where large amounts of data need to be stored, but where quick access to individual files is not required. A typical use is for data back-up (lots of data, but rarely only accessed in an emergency) Tapes are also used and in some batch-processing applications (e.g. to hold the list of data that will be processed). Floppy Disc A removable, portable, cheap, low-capacity (1.44MB) storage medium. Floppy discs are random access devices used for transfer small amounts of data between computers, or to back-up small files, etc. Access times are slow. Almost every PC used to have a floppy disc drive. These are obsolete now, having been replaced by higher capacity technology such as CD-ROMs, DVDs and USB memory sticks. Zip Disc A removable and portable storage medium, similar in appearance to a floppy disk, but with a much higher capacity (100MB, 250MB or 750MB). Zip discs are random access devices which were used for data back-up or moving large files between computers. Another obsolete storage device, zip discs were a popular replacement for floppy discs for a few years, but they never caught on fully before being superseded by cheaper media like CD-ROMs and CD-Rs Jaz Disc A removable and portable storage medium based on hard-drive technology, with a large capacity (1GB or 2GB). Jaz discs are random access devices which were used for data back-up or moving large files between computers. Discs were expensive to buy and not very reliable. Like the Zip disc, this system never really caught on and was superseded by far cheaper and more reliable and cheaper technology. Overview The Zip system is based loosely on Iomegas earlier Bernoulli Box system; in both systems, a set of read/write heads mounted on a linear actuator flies over a rapidly spinning floppy disk mounted in a sturdy cartridge. The linear actuator uses the voice coil actuation technology, related to modern hard drives. The Zip disk uses smaller media (about the size of a 9 cm (3Â ½) microfloppy, rather than the Compact Disc-sized Bernoulli media), and a simplified drive design that reduced its overall cost. This resulted in a disk that has all of the 9 cm (3Â ½) floppys convenience, but holds much more data, with performance that is much quicker than a standard floppy drive .The original Zip drive had a data transfer rate of about 1 megabyte/second and a seek time of 28 milliseconds on average, compared to a standard 1.44MB floppys 500kbit/s (62.5KB/s) transfer rate and several-hundred millisecond average seek time. Todays average 7200RPM desktop hard drives have average seek times of around 8.5-9ms. Early generation Zip drives were in direct competition with the Super Disk or LS-120 drives, which held 20% more data and could also read standard 3Â ½ 1.44MB diskettes, but they had a lower data transfer rate due to lower rotational speed. The rivalry was over before the dawn of the USB era. Compatibility Higher capacity Zip disks must be used in a drive with at least the same capacity ability. Generally, higher capacity drives also handle lower capacity media. However, the 250MB drive writes much more slowly to 100MB disks than does the 100MB drive, and its unable to perform a long (i.e., thorough) format on a 100MB disk. The 750MB drive cannot write to 100MB disks at all, though they are the cheapest and most common of the three formats. The retroreflective spot differs on the three media sizes such that if a larger disk is inserted in a smaller capacity drive, the disk is immediately ejected again without any attempt being made to access the disk. Current usage As of 2007, common uses of magnetic storage media are for computer data mass storage on hard disks and the recording of analog audio and video works on analog tape. Since much of audio and video production is moving to digital systems, the usage of hard disks is expected to increase at the expense of analog tape. Digital tape and tape libraries are popular for the high capacity data storage of archives and backups. Floppy disks see some marginal usage, particularly in dealing with older computer systems and software. Magnetic storage is also widely used in some specific applications, such as bank checks (MICR) and credit/debit cards (mag stripes). Future A new type of magnetic storage, called MRAM, is being produced that stores data in magnetic bits based on the GMR effect. Its advantage is non-volatility, low power usage, and good shock robustness. However, with storage density and capacity orders of magnitude smaller than e.g. an HDD, MRAM is a niche application for situations where small amounts of storage with a need for very frequent updates are required, which flash memory could not support REFERENCES http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/audio/tape2.html http://www.everspin.com/technology.html http://www.crocus-technology.com/pdf/BH%20GSA%20Article.pdf http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=218000269 A.V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, P.A. Usachev, R.V. Pisarev, A.M. Balbashov, and Th. Rasing, Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by instantaneous photomagnetic pulses, Nature, 435, 655 (2005). F. Hansteen, A.V. Kimel, A. Kiriluyk, and Th. Rasing, Femtosecond photomagnetic switching of spins in ferrimagnetic garnet films, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 047402 (2005). GUPTA J.B, Electronic devices and circuit, 3rd edition